#前言

准备换新电脑了,备份文件的时候顺便学习一些新知识,最近真的无心学术。

MacOS中的标签功能真的是我觉得最实用的功能之一了,因为Windows里一直没有替代的或者类似的功能,所以我不想换= =

#xattr

xattr主要是用来关联一些额外的属性,也就是tag存储的地方。

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[20:16:32] onns@Onns ~ $ xattr --help
usage: xattr [-l] [-r] [-s] [-v] [-x] file [file ...]
xattr -p [-l] [-r] [-s] [-v] [-x] attr_name file [file ...]
xattr -w [-r] [-s] [-x] attr_name attr_value file [file ...]
xattr -d [-r] [-s] attr_name file [file ...]
xattr -c [-r] [-s] file [file ...]

The first form lists the names of all xattrs on the given file(s).
The second form (-p) prints the value of the xattr attr_name.
The third form (-w) sets the value of the xattr attr_name to the string attr_value.
The fourth form (-d) deletes the xattr attr_name.
The fifth form (-c) deletes (clears) all xattrs.

options:
-h: print this help
-l: print long format (attr_name: attr_value and hex output has offsets and
ascii representation)
-r: act recursively
-s: act on the symbolic link itself rather than what the link points to
-v: also print filename (automatic with -r and with multiple files)
-x: attr_value is represented as a hex string for input and output
[20:57:25] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ xattr -l temp_tag.go
com.apple.FinderInfo:
00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0E 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000020
com.apple.macl:
00000000 03 00 D6 24 1E 6D 95 9F 4D 6B 90 BA 6F 10 BD 36 |...$.m..Mk..o..6|
00000010 27 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |'...............|
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|
00000048
com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags:
00000000 62 70 6C 69 73 74 30 30 A1 01 56 54 6F 64 6F 0A |bplist00..VTodo.|
00000010 37 08 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 |7...............|
00000020 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000030 00 00 11 |...|
00000033

然而都是不可读的十六进制,可以转成xml或者json

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[21:05:50] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ xattr -p com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags temp_tag.go
62 70 6C 69 73 74 30 30 A1 01 56 54 6F 64 6F 0A
37 08 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 11
[21:08:04] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ xattr -p com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags temp_tag.go | xxd -r -p | plutil -convert xml1 - -o -
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<array>
<string>Todo
7</string>
</array>
</plist>
[21:08:19] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ xattr -p com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags temp_tag.go | xxd -r -p | plutil -convert json - -o -
["Todo\n7"]%

下面的命令可以从命令行给文件添加tag

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xattr -xw com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags $(echo '["red","blue","mytag1"]' | plutil -convert binary1 - -o - | xxd -p -c 256 -u) temp_tag.go

然后查看一下结果:

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[21:15:58] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ xattr -xw com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags $(echo '["red","blue","mytag1"]' | plutil -convert binary1 - -o - | xxd -p -c 256 -u) temp_tag.go
[21:16:43] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ xattr -p com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags temp_tag.go | xxd -r -p | plutil -convert json - -o -
["red","blue","mytag1"]%

#rsync

scp命令复制的文件都不带额外属性,只有rsync的可以,正常的命令是-X参数,但是MacOS中的rsync是老版本的,所以参数是-E-E = -AX

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$ rsync
rsync version 3.1.2 protocol version 31
Copyright (C) 1996-2015 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes, prealloc

rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.

rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update
via a fast differencing algorithm.

Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.

Options
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
--info=FLAGS fine-grained informational verbosity
--debug=FLAGS fine-grained debug verbosity
--msgs2stderr special output handling for debugging
-q, --quiet suppress non-error messages
--no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-R, --relative use relative path names
--no-implied-dirs don't send implied dirs with --relative
-b, --backup make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
--backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
--suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
--inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
--append append data onto shorter files
--append-verify like --append, but with old data in file checksum
-d, --dirs transfer directories without recursing
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, --copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
--copy-unsafe-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
--safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
--munge-links munge symlinks to make them safer (but unusable)
-k, --copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
-K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
-E, --executability preserve the file's executability
--chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
-A, --acls preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
-X, --xattrs preserve extended attributes
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--copy-devices copy device contents as regular file
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve modification times
-O, --omit-dir-times omit directories from --times
-J, --omit-link-times omit symlinks from --times
--super receiver attempts super-user activities
--fake-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
--preallocate allocate dest files before writing them
-n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made
-W, --whole-file copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
-x, --one-file-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
--existing skip creating new files on receiver
--ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
--remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
--del an alias for --delete-during
--delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs
--delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during
--delete-during receiver deletes during the transfer
--delete-delay find deletions during, delete after
--delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during
--delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs
--ignore-missing-args ignore missing source args without error
--delete-missing-args delete missing source args from destination
--ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
--force force deletion of directories even if not empty
--max-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
--max-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
--min-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
--delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end
-m, --prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list
--numeric-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
--usermap=STRING custom username mapping
--groupmap=STRING custom groupname mapping
--chown=USER:GROUP simple username/groupname mapping
--timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds
--contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds
-I, --ignore-times don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
-M, --remote-option=OPTION send OPTION to the remote side only
--size-only skip files that match in size
--modify-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
-T, --temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
-y, --fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
--compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
--copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files
--link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
-z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
--compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
--skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
-C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, --filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-F same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
--include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
--include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
--files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
-0, --from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
-s, --protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
--address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
--port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
--sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
--blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
--stats give some file-transfer stats
-8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-h, --human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress
-i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates
--out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
--log-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
--log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
--password-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE
--list-only list the files instead of copying them
--bwlimit=RATE limit socket I/O bandwidth
--stop-at=y-m-dTh:m Stop rsync at year-month-dayThour:minute
--time-limit=MINS Stop rsync after MINS minutes have elapsed
--outbuf=N|L|B set output buffering to None, Line, or Block
--write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
--read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE
--protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
--iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames
--checksum-seed=NUM set block/file checksum seed (advanced)
--noatime do not alter atime when opening source files
-4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6
--version print version number
(-h) --help show this help (-h is --help only if used alone)

Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1569) [client=3.1.2]
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[21:17:54] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ rsync
rsync version 2.6.9 protocol version 29
Copyright (C) 1996-2006 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
<http://rsync.samba.org/>
Capabilities: 64-bit files, socketpairs, hard links, symlinks, batchfiles,
inplace, IPv6, 64-bit system inums, 64-bit internal inums

rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.

rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update
via a fast differencing algorithm.

Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
or rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.

Options
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
-q, --quiet suppress non-error messages
--no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
-c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
-a, --archive archive mode; same as -rlptgoD (no -H)
--no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-R, --relative use relative path names
--no-implied-dirs don't send implied dirs with --relative
-b, --backup make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
--backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
--suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
--inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
--append append data onto shorter files
-d, --dirs transfer directories without recursing
-l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks
-L, --copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir
--copy-unsafe-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
--safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
-k, --copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
-K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
-H, --hard-links preserve hard links
-p, --perms preserve permissions
--executability preserve the file's executability
--chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions
-o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)
-g, --group preserve group
--devices preserve device files (super-user only)
--specials preserve special files
-D same as --devices --specials
-t, --times preserve times
-O, --omit-dir-times omit directories when preserving times
--super receiver attempts super-user activities
-S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently
-n, --dry-run show what would have been transferred
-W, --whole-file copy files whole (without rsync algorithm)
-x, --one-file-system don't cross filesystem boundaries
-B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
--existing skip creating new files on receiver
--ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver
--remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
--del an alias for --delete-during
--delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs
--delete-before receiver deletes before transfer (default)
--delete-during receiver deletes during transfer, not before
--delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not before
--delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs
--ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors
--force force deletion of directories even if not empty
--max-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files
--max-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
--min-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
--partial keep partially transferred files
--partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR
--delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end
-m, --prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list
--numeric-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
--timeout=TIME set I/O timeout in seconds
-I, --ignore-times don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
--size-only skip files that match in size
--modify-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
-T, --temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR
-y, --fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file
--compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR
--copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files
--link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
-z, --compress compress file data during the transfer
--compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level
-C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
-f, --filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE
-F same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
--include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN
--include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE
--files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE
-0, --from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
--address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
--port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number
--sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options
--blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell
--stats give some file-transfer stats
-8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
-h, --human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format
--progress show progress during transfer
-P same as --partial --progress
-i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates
--out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT
--log-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE
--log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT
--password-file=FILE read password from FILE
--list-only list the files instead of copying them
--bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
--write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE
--only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
--read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE
--protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used
-E, --extended-attributes copy extended attributes
--cache disable fcntl(F_NOCACHE)
-4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4
-6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6
--version print version number
(-h) --help show this help (-h works with no other options)

Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.
Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.
See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at /AppleInternal/BuildRoot/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/rsync/rsync-54.120.1/rsync/main.c(1322) [client=2.6.9]

有额外属性的文件在ls -l的时候最结尾会有个@

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[21:24:39] onns@Onns ~/Desktop $ ls -l
total 46544
-rw-r--r--@ 1 onns staff 9604320 Apr 12 23:19 1618240743618.ncm
drwxr-xr-x@ 3 onns staff 96 Apr 21 22:00 Movies
drwxr-xr-x 4 onns staff 128 Apr 21 22:00 Music
drwxr-xr-x@ 8 onns staff 256 Apr 22 20:30 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x@ 23 onns staff 736 Feb 17 20:08 SENET
drwxr-xr-x 12 onns staff 384 Apr 21 22:00 backup
drwxr-xr-x@ 32 onns staff 1024 Feb 10 01:30 c3d
-rw-r--r-- 1 onns staff 326656 Apr 21 21:21 database.db
-rwxrwxrwx@ 1 onns staff 5175286 Dec 8 19:57 dense_trajectory_release_v1.2.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--@ 1 onns staff 80298 Feb 17 17:57 fig.pdf
drwxr-xr-x@ 22 onns staff 704 Feb 16 02:33 group-conv
drwxrwxr-x@ 4 onns staff 128 Mar 26 15:10 ocloud
-rw-r--r--@ 1 onns staff 50 Apr 12 14:31 onns.txt
drwxrwxrwx 12 onns staff 384 Dec 2 19:51 pretrained
drwxr-xr-x@ 9 onns staff 288 Feb 21 19:57 resnet
-rw-rw-r--@ 1 onns staff 23517 Aug 23 2019 shift_ori_3d.pdf
-rw-rw-r--@ 1 onns staff 32650 Aug 23 2019 shift_zero_3d.pdf
-rw-r--r-- 1 onns staff 223 Apr 14 15:05 t.go
drwxr-xr-x@ 11 onns staff 352 Feb 20 20:55 tea
drwxrwxrwx@ 9 onns staff 288 Apr 20 20:30 temp
-rw-r--r-- 1 onns staff 233 Mar 17 19:27 temp.go
-rw-r--r--@ 1 onns staff 233 Apr 22 20:50 temp_tag.go
drwxr-xr-x@ 20 onns staff 640 Feb 17 04:06 tsm
drwxr-xr-x@ 27 onns staff 864 Feb 9 19:51 tsn
-rw-r--r--@ 1 onns staff 48 Apr 7 13:32 wish.txt
-rw-r--r--@ 1 onns staff 8257851 Apr 12 23:22 艾辰 - 错位时空.ncm

#代码

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#!/bin/bash

if [[ ! -e $1 ]] ; then

echo 'file missing or not specified'

exit 0

fi

JSON="$(xattr -p com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags $1 | xxd -r -p | plutil -convert json - -o -)"

IFS="," tag_split=("${JSON:1:${#JSON}-2}")

echo "File tags for $1:"

for i in ${tag_split[@]}

do

echo "$i"

done
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#!/bin/bash

if [[ ! -e $1 ]] ; then

echo 'file missing or not specified'

exit 0

fi

if [ -z "$2" ]; then

echo 'file tags not specified'

exit 0

fi

BLOB="$(echo $2| plutil -convert binary1 - -o - | xxd -p -c 256 -u)"

xattr -xw com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags $BLOB $1

#相关链接